大学英语四级模拟试题（九）5

papousek　began　his　studies　by　using　milk　in　the　normal　way　to　“reward"　the　babies　and　so　teach　them　to　carry　out　some　simple　movements,　such　as　turning　the　head　to　one　side　or　the　other.　then　he　noticed　that　a　baby　who　had　had　enough　to　drink　would　refuse　the　milk　but　would　still　go　on　making　the　learned　response　with　clear　signs　of　pleasure.　so　he　began　to　study　the　children's　response　in　situation　where　no　milk　was　provided.he　quickly　found　that　children　as　young　as　four　months　would　learn　to　turn　their　heads　to　right　or　left　if　the　movement　“switched　on"　a　display　of　lights　-　and　indeed　that　they　were　capable　of　learning　quite　complex　turns　to　bring　about　this　result,　for　instance,　two　left　or　two　right,　or　even　to　make　as　many　as　three　turns　to　one　side.

　　　papousek's　light　display　was　placed　directly　in　front　of　the　babies　and　he　made　the　interesting　observation　that　sometimes　they　would　turn　back　to　watch　the　lights　closely　although　they　would　“smile　and　bubble"　when　the　display　came　on.　papousek　concluded　that　it　was　not　primarily　the　sight　of　the　lights　that　pleased　them,　it　was　the　success　they　were　achieving　in　solving　the　problem,　in　mastering　the　skill,　and　that　there　exists　a　fundamental　human　urge　to　make　sense　of　the　world　and　bring　it　under　intentional　control.　　

11.　according　to　the　author,　babies　learn　to　do　things　which　.　分析与解答
a.are　directly　related　to　pleasure
b.　will　meet　their　physical　needs　
c.　will　bring　them　a　feeling　of　success
d.will　satisfy　their　curiosity　　

12.　papousek　noticed　in　his　studies　that　a　baby　.　分析与解答
a.would　make　learned　response　when　it　saw　the　milk　
b.　would　carry　out　learned　movements　when　it　had　enough　to　drink　
c.　would　continue　the　simple　movements　without　being　given　milk　
d.would　turn　its　head　to　right　or　left　when　it　had　enough　to　drinkf.　　

13.　in　papousek's　experiment　babies　make　learned　movements　of　the　head　in　order　to　.　分析与解答
a.have　the　lights　turned　on
b.　be　rewarded　with　milk　
c.　please　their　parents
d.be　praised　　

14.　the　babies　would　“smile　and　bubble"　at　the　lights　because　.　分析与解答
a.the　lights　were　directly　related　to　some　basic　“drives"
b.　the　sight　of　the　lights　was　interesting　
c.　they　need　not　turn　back　to　watch　the　lights　
d.they　succeeded　in　“switching　on"　the　lights　　

15.　according　to　papousek,　the　pleasure　babies　get　in　achieving　something　is　a　reflection　of　.分析与解答
a.a　basic　human　desire　to　understand　and　control　the　world　
b.　the　satisfaction　of　certain　physiological　needs　
c.　their　strong　desire　to　solve　complex　problems　
d.a　fundamental　human　urge　to　display　their　learned　skills