大学英语四级模拟试题（九）6

　　　in　recent　years　many　countries　of　the　world　have　been　faced　with　the　problem　of　how　to　make　their　workers　more　productive.　some　experts　claim　the　answer　is　to　make　jobs　more　varied.but　do　more　varied　jobs　lead　to　greater　productivity?　there　is　evidence　to　suggest　that　while　variety　certainly　makes　the　workers'　life　more　enjoyable,　it　does　not　actually　make　him　work　harder.　as　far　as　increasing　productivity　is　concerned,　the　variety　is　not　an　important　factor.　

　　other　experts　feel　that　giving　the　worker　freedom　to　do　his　job　in　his　own　way　is　important　and　there　is　no　doubt　that　this　is　true.　the　problem　is　that　this　kind　of　freedom　cannot　easily　be　given　in　the　modern　factory　with　its　complicated　machinery　which　must　be　used　in　a　fixed　way.　thus　while　freedom　of　choice　may　be　important,　there　is　usually　very　little　that　can　be　done　to　create　it.　another　important　consideration　is　how　much　each　worker　contributes　to　the　product　he　is　making.　in　most　factories　the　worker　sees　only　one　small　part　of　the　product.　some　car　factories　are　now　experimenting　with　having　many　small　production　lines　rather　than　one　large　one,　so　that　each　worker　contributes　more　to　the　production　of　the　cars　on　his　line.　it　would　seem　that　not　only　is　the　degree　of　workers'　contribution　an　important　factor,　therefore,　but　it　is　also　one　we　can　do　something　about.

　　　to　what　extent　more　money　led　to　greater　productivity?　the　workers　themselves　certainly　think　this　is　important.　but　perhaps　they　want　more　money　only　because　the　work　they　do　is　so　boring.　money　just　lets　them　enjoy　their　spare　time　more.　a　similar　argument　may　explain　demands　for　shorter　working　hours.　perhaps　if　we　succeed　in　making　their　jobs　more　interesting,　they　will　neither　want　more　money,　nor　will　shorter　working　hours　be　so　important　to　them.