2010年国际货代英语辅导：单证（4）

六、信用证的类型(考试重点)

信用证根据环境可分为许多种类型，一种信用证同时可能有不同的特征。

　　1. Documentary Credits vs. Clean Credits 跟单信用证与光票信用证

　　英文原文：If shipping documents are required, these credits are called documentary credits. If shipping documents are not required and only drafts are required, they are called clean credits.

　　注释：documentary credit: 跟单信用证 clean credit: 光票信用证

　　中文意思：如果信用证附带有装运单据，则称为跟单信用证。如果信用证不附带单据仅附带汇票，则称为光票信用证。

　　2. Irrevocable Documentary Credits 不可撤销信用证


　　英文原文：Irrevocable credits means that once the L/C is opened, it cannot be cancelled or amended within its term of validity without the agreement of the issuing bank, the confirming bank, if any, and the beneficiary.

　　注释：irrevocable: 不能撤销的, 不能恢复的 once: 一旦 term of validity: 有效期 agreement: 同意

　　中文意思：不可撤销信用证是指信用证一旦开立，在有效期内未经开证行，保兑行以及受益人的同意不得撤销和更改的信用证。

　　3. Confirmed vs. Unconfirmed Credits 保兑信用证与不保兑信用证

　　英文原文：Under irrevocable documentary credits, depending on whether there is another bank in addition to that of the issuing bank undertaking to pay, an irrevocable letter of credit can be either a confirmed or unconfirmed L/C. If a credit is not confirmed by another bank, it is an unconfirmed L/C.

　　注释：confirmed credit: 保兑信用证 unconfirmed credit: 不保兑信用证 depend on: 依赖，取决于 in addition to: 除…之外 undertake to do: 承担，承诺 either…or…: 不是...就是…, …或...

　　中文意思：不可撤销信用证是否为保兑信用证，取决于是否存在除了开证行以外的另外一家银行也承诺付款，不可撤销信用证可以是保兑或者不保兑信用证。如果信用证无其他银行保兑，则它是不保兑信用证。

　　英文原文： The undertaking to pay is the sole responsibility of the issuing bank. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms and conditions of the credit are met.

　　注释：sole: 的 contain: 包含，容纳 guarantee: 保证，担保，担保书 so long as: 只要 met (meet的过去分词)：满足

　　中文意思：开证行的责任是付款。不可撤销保兑信用证即只要满足了信用证条款的要求，开证行和保兑行都可担保向受益人履行付款义务。

　4. Sight Credits vs. Time Credits 即期信用证与远期信用证

　1)即期信用证

　　英文原文：Sight credits mean that the issuing bank or its nominated bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the stipulations of the L/C, such as a sight payment credit and sight negotiation credit.

　　注释：effect payment: 履行付款, 支付款项 effect negotiation: 进行议付 upon receipt of: 一旦收到(on receipt of: 当收到…的时候)in conformity with: 和…一致，和…符合 stipulations: (复数)条款，条件 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用证 sight negotiation credit: 即期议付信用证

　　中文意思：即期信用证是指开证行或者其他指定银行一旦收到与信用证条款相符的汇票或者其他单据后立即履行付款义务或进行议付的信用证，比如即期付款信用证和即期议付信用证


　　2) 远期信用证

　　英文原文：A time credit includes the seller’s time credits (deferred payment credits and acceptance credits) and the buyer’s time credits.

　　注释：seller’s time credit: 卖方远期信用证 deferred payment credit: 延期付款信用证(deferred:延期的，延缓的)acceptance credit: 承兑信用证 buyer’s time credit: 买方远期信用证

　　中文意思：远期信用证包括卖方远期信用证(延期付款信用证和承兑信用证)和买方远期信用证

　　5. 其他类型信用证

　　英文原文：Additionally, there are also payment credits (sight payment credit and deferred payment credits), acceptance credits, negotiation credits, anticipatory credits, revolving credits, transferable credits, back-to-back credits, and so on.

　　注释：payment credit: 付款信用证 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用证 negotiation credit：议付信用证 anticipatory credit: 预支信用证 (anticipatory: 预期的，先行的) revolving credit: 循环信用证 transferable credit: 可转让信用证 back-to-back credit: 背对背信用证

　　中文意思：此外，信用证的其他类型还有付款信用证(即期付款信用证和延期付款信用证)，承兑信用证，议付信用证，预支信用证，循环信用证，可转让信用证，背对背信用证等等。