托福考试阅读词汇附中英文注释(三)(1)

sustain--- To keep in existence; maintain继续生存；维持=maintain

sustenance--- Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物，尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料

Means of livelihood生计=livelihood

supplement---Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物，用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension

An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大

supreme---Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding

succinct---Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise

sufficient---Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate

sumptuous---Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的；花费奢侈的=luxurious

substantial--Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重要的

substitute---One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替

subsidize---To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金

subtle--So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的，细小的=slight

submit---提出，提交=present提出；呈递

subsidy---Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金

subject to ---在...条件下;易受...的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to

stretch---A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度，地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间

strike---To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout

To come to; attain来到；到达= make contact with

striking--- Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的

stringent--- Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict

stimulus--- Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate

strain ---To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧

stationary--- Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的；固定的=fixed, immobile

status---Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing

sticky---shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement

staple--- A basic or principal element or feature主要成分，基本成分=basic element

squirt--- To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出

staggering-- Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的；使束手无策的=overwhelming

spur--- To incite or stimulate刺激，鞭策=stimulate

speculate about--- To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设

spinal---Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord; vertebral脊柱的=backbone

spark--- To set in motion; activate发动；触发=bring about引起;致使;造成;达成

spawn--- To give rise to; engender造成；使产生=create

solemn--- Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的，极认真的，严肃的=serious

slope---declivity A downward slope, as of a hill斜坡

smother--- To suffocate (another)使窒息=eliminate To get rid of; remove消灭；消除

snap--- To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break

signify--- To denote; mean表示…的意思=denote

simultaneously---同时存在[发生]地=concurrently同时发生的，并存的；合作的

skepticism-- A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind; dubiety怀疑态度=doubt

shield--- To protect or defend with or as if with a shield; guard保护、防卫=protect

secrete-- To conceal in a hiding place; cache躲藏=produce？？

scarce--- Hard to find; absent or rare难得的；缺少的或罕见的=rare

scores--- A composition written for a musical comedy配乐=musical compositions音乐作品

scent--- A perfume香水=perfume

scale--- To climb up or over; ascend攀登=climb

sanitation--- Formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health.

卫生措施=health

tremendous--- Extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous巨大的=huge, greatly

trend--- A general tendency or inclination趋向=tendency