Useful Words and Expressions（5）

　　事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right

　　法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right

　　根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience

　　出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour （An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.）

　　依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office

　　事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act （describing any legal act, such as a statute, hich has retrospective effect）

　　主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu（ex mero motu）: of his on motion

　　不可抗力 force majueure（法语）: irresistible compulsion or coercion

　　强制法 jus cogens（ius congens）: coercive la; a rule or principle in international la that is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo any exceptions

　　万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the la of people; international la

　　法无明文不处罚 nulla poena sine lege: no penalty（punishment） ithout a la

　　法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime ithout a la

　　条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered （agreements are to be kept）

　　自身，本身；本质上 per se

　　不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata

　　初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things

　　情势变迁原则 rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances

　　无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the onership or sovereignty of no legal person

　　未确定时日的 sine die: ithout a date

　　越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires（act）

　　占领地保有原则 uti possidetis